Muri Tanzania havumbuwe ubutare bwa Uranium
Tanzania, kimwe mu bihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu z’ubumara muri icyo gihugu (TAEC : Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission), bwemeje ko mu karere ka Namtumbo habonetsemo ubutare bwa Uranium, kakaba kagombye gucungirwa umutekano cyane.
Nk’uko tubikesha Dailynews Igitangazamakuru cyo muri Tanzania, iyo komisiyo yatangaje ko ubutaka bukikije umugezi wa Mkuju, mu karere ka Namtambo, mu ntara ya Ruvuma, bukungahaye ku butare bwa Uranium.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri TAEC, Dennis Mwalongo, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko ubucukumbuzi bakoze bwari bugamije kureba ibice byose by’ubuzima bw’igihugu, baza gusanga hari ahaboneka ubutare bwa Uranium.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa TAEC, Prof Iddi Mkilaha, atangaza ko Uranium yavumbuwe itarenze ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuyigenzura no kuyitunganya, kandi hagiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gutunganya no gucunga amazi azakoreshwa, hatabangamiwe ibidukikije, bibanda cyane cyane ku mazi akoreshwa n’abaturage.
Agira ati “Tuzakoresha ibishoboka byose ku buryo icukurwa ry’ubutare bwa Uranium ritagomba kwanduza amazi, ubutaka n’umwuka, hakoreshwa ku buryo bunoze umutungo kamere n’ingufu hagabanywa ku buryo bushoboka ingaruka mbi kuri ako gace, ibikorwa by’abaturage ndetse no ku bidukikije.”
Biteganyijwe ko ubucukuzi bw’ubutare bwa Uranium, igihugu cya Tanzania kizabutangira mu minsi ya vuba, binyuze mu mushinga wo gutunganya uruzi rwa Mkuju (Mkuju River Project).
Amakuru avuga ko ubwo Perezida Obama aheruka gusura bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika yanyuze muri Tanzania, bivugwa ko yaba yarakuruwe n’ubwo butunzi bwo mu butaka icyo gihugu cyibitseho.
Ubutare bwa Uranium bumaze imyaka isaga amamiliyari buvumbuwe ku Isi. Ubwavumbuwe mbere bwiswe Uranium -238, na ho ubwakurikiyeho bwiswe Uranium -235 bumaze imyaka igera kuri Miliyoni 704 buvumbuwe. Abashakashatsi bahera ku butare bwa Uranium bashaka kugaragaza igihe Isi yaba imaze, mu gihe hari abayifata nk’aho yaremwe ikaba ingana n’imyaka isaga gato 2000 bakurikije imyemerere yabo.
Nk’uko bitangazwa na World Nuclear Association, Ubutare bwa Uranium buboneka ari bwinshi muri Australia kuko nibura ku mwaka babona Toni 1,673,000 z’ubwo butare, Kazakhstan iza ku mwanya wa kabiri na Toni 651,000 na ho ku mwanya wa gatatu hakaza igihugu cya Canada na Toni 485,000.
Uretse ibi bihugu bitatu biza ku isonga, ubutare bwa Uranium buboneka cyane mu Burusiya, Afurika y’Epfo, Namibia, Brazil, Niger, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine na India. Hari ibindi bihugu biyifite ariko atari nyinshi cyane.
Kazakhistan ni cyo gihugu kiza ku isonga mu kubyaza umusaruro Uranium cyane, hagakurikiraho Canada, Australia ikaza ku mwanya wa gatatu. Ibi akaba ari byo bihugu bitanga Uranium nyinshi ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ubutare bwa Uranium bugurishwa gusa mu bihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ikoreshwa ryayo, ibyo bituma kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryabwo ku isoko mpuzamahanga ryoroha.
Uranium yavumbuwe mu 1789 na Martin Klaproth, Umudage w’umunyabutabire, iri zina ubu butare bwarihawe bikomotse ku mubumbe wa Uranus, wari umaze imyaka umunani uvumbuwe. Nyamara ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko yari yavumbuwe mu myaka ikabakaba miliyari 6.6. Ubutare bwa Uranium bukize ku ngufu kuko bwo ubwabo iyo babusuzumye basanga bufite ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 1132 za Selisiyusi.
Ibihugu byinshi bikoresha ubutare bwa Uranium mu gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi, ku buryo nibura 13% by’ingufu zikoreshwa ku Isi zikomoka ku butare bwa Uranium. Nibura mu 1960, ingufu z’amashanyarazi zigera kuri kWh Miliyari 2500 zakoreshweje ku Isi ni ho zikomoka.
Ibihugu nk’u Bubiligi, Bulgaria, Repubulika ya Czech, Finland, u Bufaransa, Hungary, u Buyapani, Korea y’Epfo, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, u Busuwisi na Ukraine bikoresha nibura 30% by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku butare bwa Uranium. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziri hejuru ya 100 zitunganya amashanyarazi zitanga nibura 20% by’akomoka kuri Uranium. U Bufaransa bubona ¾ by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri Uranium.
Mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga, ubutare bwa Uranium bwitabazwa mu buzima, kubika ibiribwa ndetse no mu nganda.
Uranium ntikoreshwa gusa mu gutanga amashanyarazi kuko ibihugu byinshi biyifashisha mu gukora intwaro, cyane cyane iz’ubumara. Ubutare bwa Uranium bwakoreshejwe mu gukora intwaro z’ubumara. Ariko guhera mu 1990, ubwo Isi yose yahagurukiraga kugabanya intwaro cyane cyane iz’ubumara, ubutare bwa Uranium bwashowe mu ngufu z’amashanyarazi.
Ibi ariko umuntu ntiyavuga ko ariko bimeze ku mpande zose, kuko Korea ya Ruguru ndetse na Iran bishinjwa kuba bifite intwaro z’ubumara ; kuko ibyo bihugu bifite inganda nyinshi zitunganya ubutare bwa Uranium. Ibyo bihugu bituma bihora bishyirwa mu majwi n’iby’ibihangage, bigateza amakimbirane atarangira ndetse no guhangana mu ntambara y’ubutita.
anthere@igihe.rw