Mu gihe kirenga gato ukwezi kumwe, kuva tariki ya 4 Kamena 2014 kugeza uyu munsi, ahantu hageze kuri hatandatu hamaze gufatwa n’inkongi y’umuriro mu buryo butunguranye. Impamvu y’izi nkongi ntiyemeranywaho na benshi kuko buri wese abivuga uko abibona, aho ikigarukwaho cyane ari amashyanyarazi, uburangare, ibikorwa by’iterabwoba n’ibindi. Mu by’ukuri, ni iki cyihishe inyuma y’izi nkongi ? Iki ni ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa n’abatari bake muri iyi minsi.
Tariki ya 4 Kanama, Gereza ya Muhanga yafashwe n’umurimo bitunguranye, nyuma y’ukwezi n’iminsi mike, ni ukuvuga tariki ya 7 Nyakanga, hafatwa iya Rubavu ndetse ubuzima bwa bamwe mu bari bafungiwemo bahasiga ubuzima. Hanyuma y’izo nkongi zafashe amagereza bikibazwaho cyane, hakurikiyeho Umujyi wa Kigali, aho mu cyumweru kimwe gusa hamaze gushya ahantu hane : Inyubako z’ubucuruzi ahazwi nko muri Quartier Matheus hangiritse ibintu byinshi, igaraji ry’imodoka riherereye mu Murenge wa Gatsata muri Gasabo, inganda ebyiri zisya ibigori ziherereye ahazwi nko mu Gishanga (Quartier Industriel), ndetse n’inyubako iri Nyabugogo yahiye ku wa 15 Nyakanga.
Hanze aha haravugwa byinshi kuri izi nkongi aho usanga hari n’abajujura ko zishobora kuba ziri gukomoka ku bikorwa by’iterabwoba, aho bakeka ko nyuma y’aho abateraga gerenade hirya no hino mu gihugu bakomwe mu nkokora, ubu buryo bushobora kuba ari bwo bushya bwo guhungabanya umutekano… gusa kugeza ubu, ibi nta rwego na rumwe mu zishinzwe umutekano rurabyemeza kuko nta guhamya ragaragara.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zagaragajwe na bamwe mu baturage cyane cyane abagizweho ingaruka n’iri sanganya ni amashanyarazi aho izina EWSA rigenda rigaruka kenshi, ibi akenshi bikavugwa n’abantu badafite ubwishingizi bitewe n’agahinda ko kutagira aho bategereza ubwishyu bw’ibyo bahombye.
Icyo bagarukaho kandi gisa nk’aho ari impamvu rusange ; ni uburyo amashanyarazi akwirakwije mu nzu (installation) bushobora kuba budasobanutse ku buryo insinga ubwazo zakurura impanuka no kuba insinga zitwara amashanyarazi zo mu butaka zishobora kuba zishaje, dore ko inyinshi zo muri uru rwego zashyizwemo mbere ya Jenoside.
Ku rundi ruhande Polisi y’u Rwanda igaragaza ko impamvu ari ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bitujuje ubuziranenge, ibikoresho bishaje, inyubako zishaje, kudakoresha inyubako ibyo zagenewe, uburangare n’ibindi. Ikigarukwaho mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Polisi ni uko 61% by’inkongi 116 zabaye mu mwaka wa 2012 na 2013 zaturutse ku nsinga z’amashanyarazi n’uburyo budakwiye bwo gushyira amashanyarazi mu Nyubako, mu gihe 22% zaturutse ku “mpamvu zitazwi/zitaramenyekana, n’umubare muke w’izakomotse ku zindi mpamvu zitandukanye.
Ni ryari umuriro w’amashanyarazi ushobora gutera inkongi ?
James Prescott Joule, Umwongereza w’ umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi, yashyizeho icyo twakwita mu Kinyarwanda Amategeko ya Joule (Joule’s laws/ L’effet Joule), agaragaza ko iyo umuriro w’amashanyarazi unyuze mu rusinga, utangira kunanizwa na resistor/resistance y’ibikoze urwo rusinga (alumium, cuivre,…).
Muri make, ibi bisobanuye ko kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’ igitwaye uwo muriro bubeho (conductor – conducteur), buterwa na résistance [R] y’icyo umuriro uri gucamo, igihe wamaze muri iyo nzira [t] ndetse n’ubukana bwawo [I] (Q= I^2 .R. t [J]). Nk’uko bigaragara kuri ibyo bimenyetso (ku bantu bamenyereye imibare), iyo umuriro ari mwinshi unyura mu rutsinga, hanyuma mu gihe runaka iyo ubushyuhe [Q] bubaye bwinshi cyane, bushobora gutwika inyubako.
Nk’uko Eng. Christian Niyoyita Sengo, impuguke mu by’amashanyarazi uba mu gihugu cy’u Busuwisi abisobanura, muri iki gihe inyubako ntizakagombye kuba zitwikwa n’amashanyarazi kuko ziba zirimo ibibungabunga ibyashobora gutera inkongi y’ umuriro.
Ati “Hari nka ’fusible’, FI-protection switch (disjoncteur différentiel). Ibi ni byo birinda courts–circuits”.
Eng. Niyoyita avuga ko igikwiriye kwibazwa ari niba amazu yubakwa muri iyi minsi yaba afite ibigenzura umuriro byavuzwe haruguru. Ati “Bamwe baravuga ngo ubwo baba bacometse ibintu bifite ingufu nyinshi (power) !”. Niyoyita agaragaza ko iyo umuntu acometse ikintu gisaba umuriro w’amashanyarazi mwinshi kurusha uwakagombye guca mu rusinga, ibyuma biwugenzura bihita bihagarika umuriro w’amashanyarasi inzu ntibe igihiye.
Yongeraho ati “Ariko ntitwakwirengagiza ko niba umuntu mu bushishozi bwe buke, atwitse ahantu hari insinga z’amashanyarazi, bidashoboka ko bya byuma byahagarika amashanyarazi kuko imvo n’imvano y’uwo muriro iba atari iy’ amashanyarazi ahubwo aba ari iy’ uburangare bw’umuntu, akaba ari yo mpanvu iyo iperereza rikozwe bagasanga ibyo byuma bitahagaritse umuriro w’amashanyarazi bakunze guhita babeshyera amashanyarazi”. […]