“Ubutegetsi bw’abaturage, bushyirwaho n’abaturage, bugakorera abaturage !” ngiyo demokarasi mu mizi yayo, uko yakagombye kuba isobanuye. Nibyo koko wenda hamwe barayifite bayigezeho kurusha abandi, bitewe n’ureba, bikanaterwa n’uvuga. Ariko se niba abaturage ba hamwe bakorewe neza uko bikwiye, ab’ahandi bakabihuriramo n’icyago gikomeye cy’amateka yabo, mu kugira ngo abambere bagire ya demokarasi nziza twese twifuza. Aho se iyo niyo demokarasi nziza tubwirizwa, tunifuza ?

Hibazwa byinshi ndetse byinshi cyane iyo havuzwe ijambo “Demokarasi”. Sindi umwigisha wa Demokarasi, kuko ubundi nta gihamya yakwerekana ukwiye kuyigisha undi, n’ukwiye kuyigishwa, abo aribo. Ariko iri jambo rirakomeye kandi rihatse byinshi iyo ugendeye ku nyurabwenge yaryo, warangiza ukareba no ku bikorwa by’abiyita ko bayirusha abandi, kuva mbere ndetse na magingo aya, ukabona harakozwe ibihabanye cyane n’igisobanuro cya Demokarasi y’ukuri.

Benshi mu bakunze kwiyitirira ko batunze Demokarasi nziza cyangwa inoze kurusha abandi kuri iyi Si, gihamya zo mu mateka yabo zirabanyomoza, ndetse ibikorwa bihabanye na Demokarasi babwiriza bayakozemo, bitarasabirwa imbabazi ndetse batanahaniwe, bikagaragaza ko burya Demokarasi yo kuvugwa mu magambo gusa yo izabaho igihe kirekire, ariko iy’ukuri yo ntawe uzi aho izaba n’igihe izaberaho ku Isi.

Ubundi uramutse ugerageje, gutekereza ku miyoborere itandukanye iriho kuri ubu, ndetse n’uburyo bw’imitegekere, imitwarire, cyangwa imiyoborere, burenga 40 bwigeze kubaho kandi bushobora kubaho, ubu benshi ku Isi batekereza Demokarasi muri rusange nk’uburyo bwiza bushoboka bwo kuyoboramo abantu, nyamara ibihugu byose byivuga ko bifite demokarasi, siko bigaragaza ibimenyetso nyabyo nk’iby’igihugu kiyobowe neza kurusha ibindi.

Ubasanzwe hafi ya buri muntu ugerageza gufata umwanya we muto cyangwa munini ngo atekereze kuri Demokarasi, icyo aricyo, imimaro yayo, n’uko yagakozwemo, asigara yibaza ibibazo bimwe ndetse atapfa kubonera ibisubizo, biteye ku buryo bukurikira :

1. Demokarasi y’ukuri izigera ibaho ?

2. Ese uretse kuyiririmba no kuyibwirwa kenshi, abayoborwa bazi icyo demokarasi ari cyo ?

3. Ese ni ngombwa ko Isi yose yubahiriza cyangwa ikurikiza demokarasi mu buryo bumwe ?

4. Ese hari ukwiye kwigisha cyangwa guhitiramo abandi amahame ya demokarasi agomba gukurikizwa ?

5. Aho Demokarasi ntiyabaye intwaro abakomeye bishingikirizaho batsikamira aboroheje ?

6. Demokarasi ntiyaba yarafashwe na bamwe nk’uburyo bushya bw’ubukoloni ?

7. Demokarasi yaba itanga ubwigenge bwuzuye, bukenewe ku baturage ?

Ubundi kwiga, kwigishwa, no kwigisha, ni ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi mu buzima bwa muntu, ndetse buri wese wifuza gutera imbere no kugera aheza kurushaho, rwose agomba kuba byibura yagize bibiri muri ibi, ashyira mu ngiro, bityo hakagira icyo yiyungura cyangwa yungura abandi mu bumenyi bw’ingirakamaro, uretse ko hajya habaho n’ibitagira umumaro cyangwa ibibi nabyo byigwa.

Uko Demokarasi itekerezwa na benshi ariko ’itashoboka’ yakabaye isa

Ubundi muri demokarasi y’ukuri habaho ubwumvikane ku bayoborwa n’abagomba kuyobora. Mu moko menshi ya demokarasi abaho, icyibanze kiba kigarukwaho, cyanakabaye ihame ry’ibanze mu kugena icyo demokarasi aricyo, ni uko uyoborwa aba yiyumvamo umuyobora, ndetse banumvikana ku buryo amuyoboramo, kandi hakaba amategeko agena uko ubwo buyobozi bukorwamo, adatsikamira uruhande rumwe ngo atoneshe urundi, haba uruyobora ndetse n’uruyoborwa.

Demokarasi, rimwe mu masomo agoye kuryiga no kuryigisha

Isomo rya Demokarasi ni rimwe mu masomo yaba agoye, haba kuryiga, haba no kuryigisha. Nubwo utavuga ko hari aho ryigwa mu mashuri, ahanini bitewe n’uko bitoroshye kugena ninde ukwiye kuryigishwa cyangwa se ninde waryigisha abandi akababera umwigisha waryo mwiza.

Impamvu iki kintu kigoye, ni uko iyo urebye kuri iyi Si kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 gitangira ndetse no mu cya 21 turimo, imvugo cyangwa inyito yiswe “Demokarasi/ Democratie/Democracy” yarushijeho kwamamazwa birushijeho ku isi hose, ndetse iramanuka igera no muri rubanda rwa giseseka, ku buryo usanga n’utaraciye mu mashuri menshi, ashobora kugira ibiganiro n’imvugo zigarukamo “Demokarasi”.

Mu bifatika abamamaje iyo nyito bisa n’aho bagiye bayiba umwimerere wayo, maze buri wese akayisobanura mu buryo bujyaniranye n’uko yifuzaga gutwaramo imbaga yari afite gutegeka, ndetse n’abahanga mu gutekereza bashingiye ku nyito y’umwimerere y’abagereki ba nyiri kuyihimba, kuva mu binyejana byinshi mbere ya Yezu mu mateka, bagenda bongeramo uburyo bwo kuyisobanura wakwita bwiza cyangwa bubi bitewe n’uwo uriwe n’umuco w’aho ukomoka.

Ariko igiteye inkeke kuri uyu munsi wa none ni uko hari bamwe kuri iyi si, bavuga ko barusha abandi demokarasi, nyamara wagerageza kubajora, nabo ugasanga mu guhonyora ibyagiye bishyirwaho nk’amahame ya demokarasi, baragiye babikora, ndetse bakinabikora mu buryo buhambaye, haba mu ibanga cyangwa mu kutihishira kose. Ariko nyamara utarayobotse uburyo bwabo wese we, ugasanga ibyo akorera abe mu buyobozi bwe byiza hafi ya nta makemwa, byose bifatwa nk’ubusa cyangwa icyaha gikomeye, kuko gusa wenda atisanishije nabo n’uburyo bwabo bw’imitegekere.

Abavugwaho kugira Demokarasi kurusha abandi ntawavuga ayabo mu kuyihonyora

Si benshi bihagije, bajya bagerageza kwicara ngo batekereze ku mpamvu abongereza n’umuco wabo byaganje Isi, ndetse hakabura gake ngo imico imwe n’imwe y’abantu n’amoko amwe n’amwe y’abantu kuri iyi Si bimirwe bizime bizimire burundu.

Si na kenshi umuntu yibaza impamvu ubwami bw’ubwongereza bukomeye ku rwego rumeze nk’aho buhatse ubundi bwami bwose n’ubutegetsi bw’uburyo butandukanye bundi kuri iyi Si.

Ariko ni nayo yayo kutabitekerezaho, kuko ushobora kwibaza icyo bikumariye ntupfe guhita ugishyikira maze ukarorerera iyo.

Nyamara ariko ubundi, uramutse ukunda ubumenyi, ugashaka gusobanukirwa, ugakunda no kwigenga ukagira indangagaciro zawe zihariye z’umwimerere, wakifuje gusobanukirwa n’ibi byose, n’uko iyi si iyobowe. Aho hari bamwe batekereza ko hari amoko akuriye ayandi, ko wenda se hari n’amoko y’abantu adakwiye kubaho kubera ko hari inyungu runaka kubaho kwa bamwe byababangamiramo, bityo ugasanga haragiye habaho, ndetse hakinabaho kwicwa byo kurimburwa kwa bamwe mu bantu bari bagiye bafite icyo bahuriyeho mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, kandi bigakorwa n’ikindi gice cy’abantu, aho ndetse hamwe byageze ku rwego rwo guhabwa inyito yadutse mu 1944, ya “Genocide” (Jenoside).

Jenoside si iya vuba n’ubwo inyito yo ari iya vuba

Byatangiye mu binyejana bya kera cyane, si iby’ubu gusa, aho kuganza (Domination) nk’ikintu kiba mu muntu mu buryo karemano, hagaragaye kenshi mu mateka ko mu kuganza amoko n’amahanga y’abantu, kugabanya no kumaraho amwe mu moko y’abantu, ari imwe mu nzira n’uburyo bwifashishijwe kenshi kugira ngo Kuganza by’ukuri kwa bumwe mu bwoko, bigerweho.

Mu masomo yose y’amateka, ugerageje kwitegereza ukanasoma, usanga ko intambara, n’impfu byagiye bibaho kenshi byashingiye ku kuba harabagaho abantu cyangwa umuntu, barangwa no kwifuza kuganza bagategeka abandi mu buryo butumvikanyweho n’abategekwa cyangwa abigaruriwe ngo bubanogere (Mpatse ibihugu/ Conquête Coloniale/ Colonial conquest).

Bityo uku kuganza kwagiye kuba intandaro y’intambara n’amakimbirane, haba mu gushaka kwigarurira abantu, haba abigaruriwe bashaka gusubirana ubwigenge bwabo, ugasanga hahoraho bene izo ntambara zo kuboha no kwibohora iteka, na magingo aya, kuko akenshi ababaga baboshye bamburwaga uburenganzira, bagakoreshwa ubucakara, ndetse bakanicwa hamwe na hamwe byo kurimburwa.

Kwica byo kurimbura ihame ry’ibanze ryahonyowe rikinahonyorwa n’abigisha ba Demokarasi

Ingero ni nyinshi cyane zisiga umuntu wese mu gihrahiro iyo yibaza kuri Demokarasi n’abayamamaje bakagera aho benda kwiyita ba nyirayo, nyamara bagahonyora ihame ryayo ry’ibanze ndetse na magingo aya bikaba bigikorwa nta nkomyi uretse guhuma amaso ya rubanda, aho igice kimwe cy’abatuye isi gikorerwa umugambi wo kurimburwa, umugambi ukanagera aho ushyirwa mu ngiro ntawakumira uretse kubyirengagiza ubuzima bugakomeza kuri bamwe nk’aho nta kibazo kiriho.

Byanditswe henshi mu mateka, ariko ndetse burya ibitanditswe nibyo byinshi, bishobora kugaragaza ko abanyamahanga biyitirira kuba intangarugero mu kubahiriza amahame ya Demokarasi no kuyigisha abandi, baba aribo bayica nkana kandi bakaba bashobora kuba ari nabo bacura imigambi yose yo gutuma igisa na Demokarasi y’ukuri itagerwaho mu bihugu bikennye cyane cyane ibya Afurika, kuko benshi cyangwa haa bose batifuza kubona hariho Afurika yigenga iyobowe mu buryo bwayo idategetswe n’amahanga yitwa akomeye.

Abanyaburayi barongowe n’u Bwongereza barushije bose kurimbura amoko

Mu bihe byo kwigarurira Amahanga kw’abanyaburayi kuva mu kinyejana cya 15, ubwo ni mu myaka y’1400 na kuzamura, ubwami bw’u Bwongereza ku isonga, ndetse n’ubundi bwami bw’abanyaburayi bwivuganye benshi mu buryo buteguwe n’ubudateguwe, ku buryo kuri ubu habarurwa ko hari miliyoni 20 z’Abahinde b’uruhu rutukura cyangwa b’abanyamerika gakondo (Amérindiens/ Indians), nkuko bo biyita.

Uko ni nako byagiye bigenda ku bundi bwami bwose bwasaga n’ubukomeye bukanishora mu gushaka imbaraga nyinshi kurushaho, mu kwigarurira Isi.

Uyu munsi usanga hari amoko Atari make asa n’ayazimye ku Isi ndetse hakaba n’ayazimye bitewe no gushakira imbaraga n’ubutaka kw’Abanyaburayi mu gihe habagaho iterambere ry’inganda ku isi, ku buryo hishwe abantu benshi babarirwa mu mamiliyoni amagana, ndetse ibyari ubutaka bwabo byose bikigarurirwa n’ibihugu bikomeye by’i Burayi.

Si ukurimbura amoko amwe n’amwe gusa, kuko abandi bo baracurujwe mu buryo bwemewe, icyo gihe kandi bweruye, bakoreshwa imirimo y’agahato itagira igihembo, bamburwa uburenganzira bwose ku bumuntu n’imibiri yabo.

Abongereza

Abongereza ku isonga bagize inkubiri yo kwigarurira Isi, gusa bagenda bagira kidobya zibakoma mu nkokora nk’ubwami bwa Ottoman muri Turikiya, ndetse n’intambara z’isi zaterwaga n’abadage, ku buryo iyo abanya-Ottoman bataza kubaho, ngo n’Abadage bakomere ku buryo bateza imyivumbagatanyo y’Isi, ubu Isi hafi ya yose, yari kuba ishingiye ku bwami bw’Abongereza n’imico yabo byeruye.

Urugero ku bongereza ni Canada, Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Australia, Aziya, na Afurika. Aha hose amateka bibukiraho abongereza n’ubutware bwabo, ni ibibi byinshi ba nyirubutaka nyabo bagiye bakorerwa, ku buryo ndetse na n’uyu munsi ingaruka zikiri nyinshi utabaze n’abagikorerwa ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa n’ubugome.

Abahinde bo muri Amerika, n’uyu munsi Canada nk’igihugu iracyakurikiranyweho na Loni kuba yarakoze ibikorwa byo kurimbura ubu bwoko, byagiye bikorwa n’abanyaburayi kuva mu myaka yo hambere, ndetse mu myaka ya vuba bwo bikaba byarafashijwemo n’abanyedini gatulika mu cyiswe Residence School, aho abana bakomoka mu basangwabutaka, bagiye bavanwa iwabo mu miryango bagashyirwa hamwe btitwa ko ari ukubigisha ariko bagakorerwa iyicarubozo no gufatwa ku ngufu ndetse no gutandukanywa n’imiryango yabo (kimwe mu bikorwa kibarwa mu bigize Jenoside).

Abirabura bo muri Australia (Aboriginals), aba bo bakorewe ibirenze ubugome, kuko uretse kwamburwa ubutaka, banahawe akato, bafatwa nk’aho Atari abantu igihe kirekire, bamburwa urubyaro, babuzwa kororka, ndetse aho bemerewe bamwe bashyingirwa abavandimwe babo ku buryo kuri uyu munsi usanga benshi mu babavukaho barabaye ibimara. Nyamara ariko mu minsi ya vuba ishize Minisitiri w’intebe w’iki gihugu yavugiye mu ruhame ko bicuza amakosa amwe n’amwe yagiye akorwa nab a sekuru, bayakorera ubu bwoko gusa yirinda kwemera ko ibyo babakoreye byari itsembabwoko.

Mu iteshagacuro rya muntu ho abongereza bo hambere barakabije, kuko bafashe abanyafurika nk’ibicuruzwa kugeza nubwo igihe ubucakara bweruye bwacibwaga, bamwe mu bari bafite abacakara bagumye kwishyuza ubwami bwabo igihombo batejwe níbyo bicuruzwa bari bariranguriye guturuka muri Afurika.

Aha mu cyegeranyo giheruka gushyirwa ahagaragara cyerekana neza uburyo bamwe ndetse mu bakomeye kuri uyu munsi bafite bene wabo bakize babikesha gucuruza abirabura, bamwe bakaba baranagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwishyuza amafaranga yíbirarane ku bacakara imiryango yabo iba yarahoze itunze nyuma ikabareka ngo bagire ubwigenge.

Abarirwa muri miliyoni 20 z’amapawundi ashobora guhwana na miliyari 16,7 zámapawundi kuri ubu yishyuwe imiryango ibihumbi bitatu (3000) yábongereza bahoze batunze abacakara, ku bwímitungo yabo yitwa ko yangijwe mu 1883, ubwo ubucakara bwacibwaga.

Igitangaza bamwe mu bongereza búbu ngubu ni uko ayo mafaranga yose yishyurwaga abari abakire núbundi, aho guhabwa abakijijwe ubucakara ngo wenda bayahereho bashakisha ubuzima kuko babaga batanafite aho kuba, bamwe babibona nk’aho ubutegetsi bwarengeraga abkire buhonyora abkene núbundi bakomeje guhonyorwa.

Ikindi gikomeye bibaza kuri ubu ni ukubona bamwe mu bikomerezwa n’abategetsi bafite mu miryango bakomokamo, cyangwa abo bakomokaho ubwabo, bahoze batunze abacakara babarirwa mu bihumbi ku muntu cyangwa amagana ku wundi bitewe núbushobozi bwe icyo gihe, ubu hibazwa icyo batekereza ku kuba ba sekuru ari bamwe mu bakoze ibikorwa byo guhohotera muntu karya kageni.

Esipanye, Portugal, Ubufaransa, n’ibindi ndetse n’u Bubiligi bwakoronije u Rwanda ubwabwo, ibi byose byabaye akabarorer mu guhohotera amwe mu moko Atari ayabo, ndetse noneho byagera kuri ba nyiri ubutaka n’ibihugu bagasya batanzitse.

Esipanye (Spain/Espagne)

Iki gihugu cyigarurirye kinakoloniza hanini cyangwa henshi muri Amerika y’amajyepfo, ubu nacyo gishinjwa kuba cyararimbuye amoko y’abahindi cyahasanze mu rwego rwo kubigarurira, noneho ukaba utabara gucuruza abirabura, kibavana muri Afurika, bakajyanwa ku mugabane wa Amerika.

Portugal

Kimwe na Esipanye iki nacyo kibasiye cyane abanyamerika b’umwimerere cyane cyane abo muri Brezil, n’ibindi bihugu biyituriye, hicwa benshi hafi kubamaraho. Iki cyo cyanatanze ibindi bihugu byinshi kwigarurira Afurika y’Iburengerazuba bw’amajyepfo, nka Angola, ndetse na Moçambique mu burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo ya Afurika.

U Bufaransa

U Bufaransa bwo bwagiye muri Amerika yo hagati bwigarurira ibirwa bimwe na bimwe bukoloniza ighice kinini cya afurika ndetse bugerageza no gufata Vietnam (Indochine y’icyo gihe) muri Aziya ngo buyikolonize, ariko nabwo aho ababangamirwaga batirwanyeho bamwe barababajwe bikomeye.

Uyu munsi ibi bihugu byose birondowe n’ibitavuzwe nibyo byigisha Demokarasi

Demokarasi, ni igitekerezo cyiza ariko gisa n’ikigoye bihambaye kuko niyo wavuga ute demokarasi, utayisanishije n’imibereho y’aho uyivugira, byarangira ari amagambo gusa. Noneho iyo ugeretseho gupyinagaza no gushaka gutwara umuco n’imyizerere y’umuntu Demokarasi nyayo iba ari ntayo.

Ariko Demokarasi ibihugu bikomeye bikunze kuvuga yo, ku bajya babasha kureba kure ndetse no kumva neza ibitaravugwa mu nyito zabyo z’ukuri, isa n’aho ari igikoresho gishya bakoresha bigarurira bakanayobora Isi ku buryo babishaka kandi banateguye kuva mbere hose, kuko ubusanzwe n’iyo umugabo mwaba muva mu nda imwe, akanagufasha muri byinshi ntabwo agera aho kuza mu rugo rwawe ngo agene uko murara, uko mufungura, n’uko mubaho kose.

Iyo Igihugu kikigenerwa byose, cyanagerageza kwigenera ibigikwiye, hakabaho ikindi kivuga ko ibigenwa bitajyanye n’amahame runaka cyangwa atari byo bifite umumaro, icyo gihe ihame rya Demokarasi y’ukuri riba riri kuhahonyorerwa bikomeye ndetse n’ubusugire bw’icyo gihugu no kutavogerwa kwacyo, ntibiba byubashywe uko bikwiye.

Abanyafurika bo ntibyoroshye ko bazigera bagira Demokarasi ishimwa na bose, mu gihe cyose bafite indi ndorerwamo bareberwamo, ndetse bakaba atari nabo bagena icyo demokarasi y’ukuri aricyo.

Ikindi kandi Abanyafurika bafatwa nk’abigishwa ibihe byose, bo ntibigera bemerwa nk’abafite icyo bazi cyangwa bashoboye. Bivuze ko na Demokarasi nyafurika, niyo yabaho, uretse ko wenda hari naho yabaye, ntibihabwe agaciro, iyukuri yo bizagorana ko yemerwa kandi itari iyashyizweho n’abandi bitwa ko bagena byose bakomeye, banasobanukiwe kurusha abandi.

Aba bakomeye bo mu mahanga, bafite aho bakomereye naho hitwa ko hakomeye, gukomera kwaho kukagaragarizwa kukanumvikanishirizwa ku bihugu by’intege nke nk’ibya Afurika, ndetse n’ibindi byose byitwa ibikiri mu nzirua y’amajyambere, kuko ariko bishakwa kumvikanishwa no kugaragazwa, ariko by’ukuri ahari kubizera mu gikirisitu hakenewe imbaraga zidasanzwe ngo abantu banganye uburenganzira, ubushobozi bugaragarizwe mu guhatana, ze kugaragarizwa mu byashyizwe mu mitwe ya bamwe ko hari abagomba guhora hejuru y’abandi nk’ihame ritagira aho ryanditse n’ibirishyigikira.

Niba koko Isi yose izashyira igashingira ku mahame ya Demokarasi, itari imwe ariko nyayo y’ukuri, birakwiye ko ibihugu bimwe bitumva ko bihatse ibindi ndetse bimwe mu bihugu nabyo byibona nk’ibyoroheje ntibikwiye kujya gushaka ubuhake. Hakwiye kwigira nyako nk’uko byabaye imvugo yenda kuba ngiro, hakwiye kubaho kwigirira ikizere, no kwiha agaciro, ku moko yose n’amahanga yose, kuko mu gihe bamwe bagihatse abandi haba mu bwuvikane, wenda n’agahato, Demokarasi ivugwa iba ari nk’indirimbo n’imikino by’abana, ahari bihora bitegurira bamwe kuzaba abagaragu b’abandi iteka batitekerereza.